Ans: Distributed system: A distributed system is a collection of loosely coupled processors interconnected by a communication network. There are four major reasons for building distributed systems:
- Resource sharing: Resource sharing in a distributed system provides mechanisms for sharing files at remote sites, processing information in a distributed database, printing files at remote sites, using remote specialized hardware devices and performing other operations.
- Computer speedup: If a particular computation can be partitioned into sub computations that can be run concurrently and thus provide computation speedup.
- Reliability: If one site fails in distributed system the remaining sites can continue operating giving the system better reliability.
- Communication: When several sites are connected to one another by a communication network the users at different sites have the opprtunit6y to exchange information.
Fig: Distributed System.
Parallel system: Parallel system is known as multiprocessor system and also tightly coupled system. Multiprocessor systems have two or more processors in close communication, sharing the computer bus and sometimes the clock, memory and peripheral devices. Multiprocessor systems have three main advantages:
- Increased throughput: By increasing the number of processors we expect to get more work done in less time.
- Economy of scale: Multiprocessor systems can cost less than equivalent multiple single processor systems.
- Increased reliability: If functions can be distributed properly among several processors then the reliability increased.
The differences between parallel and distributed system are given below:
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